Wayland (Phonetics) – Chapter 8 – Acoustic Properties of Vowels and Consonants

An overview of the properties of vowels and consonants

Peterson & Barney – Control Methods Used in a Study of the Vowels

Examines the performance of both speakers and listeners. A classic paper!

Vaux & Samuels – Explaining vowel systems: dispersion theory vs natural selection

Cross-linguistic distribution of vowel systems

Cho & Ladefoged – Variation and universals in VOT: evidence from 18 languages

Voice onset time (VOT) is known to vary with place of articulation.