Seeing Speech

Interactive IPA chart

Watts et al. Where do the improvements come from in sequence-to-sequence neural TTS?

A systematic investigation of the benefits of moving from frame-by-frame models to sequence-to-sequence models.

Shen et al: Natural TTS Synthesis By Conditioning Wavenet On Mel Spectrogram Predictions

Tacotron 2 was one of the most successful sequence-to-sequence models for text-to-speech of its time and inspired many subsequent models.

Watts et al: From HMMs to DNNs: where do the improvements come from?

Measures the relative contributions of the key differences in the regression model, state vs. frame predictions, and separate vs. combined stream predictions.

Pollet & Breen: Synthesis by Generation and Concatenation of Multiform Segments

Another way to combine waveform concatenation and SPSS is to alternate between waveform fragments and vocoder-generated waveforms.

Qian et al: A Unified Trajectory Tiling Approach to High Quality Speech Rendering

The term “trajectory tiling” means that trajectories from a statistical model (HMMs in this case) are not input to a vocoder, but are “covered over” or “tiled” with waveform fragments.

Wu et al: Deep neural networks employing Multi-Task Learning…

Some straightforward, but effective techniques to improve the performance of speech synthesis using simple feedforward networks.

Zen et al: Statistical parametric speech synthesis using deep neural networks

The first paper that re-introduced the use of (Deep) Neural Networks in speech synthesis.

Ling et al: Deep Learning for Acoustic Modeling in Parametric Speech Generation

A key review article.

Gurney: An introduction to neural networks

Somewhat old, but might be helpful in getting some of the basic concepts clear, if you find Nielsen’s “Neural Networks and Deep Learning” too difficult to start with.

Nielsen: Neural Networks and Deep Learning

A great introduction. Relatively light on maths, and with some interactive explanations.

Zen, Black & Tokuda: Statistical parametric speech synthesis

A review article that makes some useful connections between HMM-based speech synthesis and unit selection.