[Alexandra T]

I’m having difficulty uploading sound files to qualtrics. I get the following error:

The file you have uploaded failed a virus scan.

Has anyone else encountered an issue like this?

[Alexandra T]

I’m confused on what is meant by “penalty” in J&M 9.6 (page 315). Does it refer to the value of the LMSF, the value of P(W), or some other concept that is not mathematically represented in equation 9.48?

Furthermore, how can both an LM probability decrease and an LM probability increase cause a larger penalty, as quoted below?:

“…if … the language model probability decreases (causing a larger penalty) … if the language model probability increases (larger penalty)…” (315)

And finally, J&M seem to say that both LM probability increases and decreases result in a preference for shorter words:

“…if … the language model probability decreases … the decoder will prefer fewer longer words. If the language model probability increases … the decoder will prefer more shorter words” (315)

Am I misinterpreting this? In other words, are they saying that there is a difference between “fewer longer words” and “more shorter words” that I’m not getting? Or is their point indeed that both increases and decreases in LM probability result in the same thing?

[Alexandra T]

I’m not sure about the 1127 or 700 specifically, but I think the equation is actually the following:

mel(f) = 1127 ln(1 + f/700)

Where ln is the natural logarithm (log base e), and f is the frequency in Hertz. So it shows us how to convert from “raw frequencies” (frequencies in Hertz which are of units 1/s or s^-1) to mel frequencies.

You’re right that the font of this textbook make the letter “l” and the digit “1” look exactly the same though!

[Alexandra T]

In revising this reading, I’m struggling to comprehend Linear Prediction and how it works. As I understand it, LP modeling allows us to generate artificial copies of spectra. Is this correct? Has anyone come across any alternate resources and/or visualizations that describe the process?

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