When a signal changes over time, as speech does, we need to analyse short sections of the signal one-by-one, not the whole signal at once.
We need to assume that the signal’s properties are constant over some short period of time, then analyse each such short portion of the signal individually. This is called short-term analysis, and the usual way to do that is to use a window function to extract frames from the signal.
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4 minutes 29 seconds
Analysing signals that change over time
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